#tuples

t = (1, 2, 3)
print(len(t))

3

print(max((4, 7, 2)))

7

print(min((4, 7, 2)))

2

print(sum((10, 20, 30)))

60

print(any((0, 0, 1)))

True

print(all((1, 1, 1)))

True

print(tuple([1, 2, 3]))

(1, 2, 3)

print(sorted((5, 1, 3)))

[1, 3, 5]

print((1, 2, 1, 3).count(1))

2

print((5, 2, 3).index(2))

1

print(type((1, 2)))

<class 'tuple'>

a = (1, 2)
b = (3, 4)
print(list(zip(a, b)))

[(1, 3), (2, 4)]

print(tuple(reversed((1, 2, 3))))

(3, 2, 1)

for i, v in enumerate(('a', 'b')):
    print(i, v)

0 a
1 b

print(3 in (1, 2, 3))

True

print(4 not in (1, 2, 3))

True

print(tuple(map(str, (1, 2, 3))))

('1', '2', '3')

print(tuple(filter(lambda x: x > 1, (0, 1, 2, 3))))

(2, 3)

print(isinstance((1, 2), tuple))

True

print(id((1, 2)))

1883265549120

#sets

print(len({1, 2, 3}))

3

s = {1, 2}
s.add(3)
print(s)

{1, 2, 3}

s.remove(2)
print(s)

{1, 3}

s.discard(10)
print(s)

{1, 3}

print(s.pop())

1

s.clear()
print(s)

set()

print(set([1, 2, 3]))

{1, 2, 3}

print({1, 2}.union({2, 3}))

{1, 2, 3}

print({1, 2}.intersection({2, 3}))

{2}

print({1, 2, 3}.difference({2}))

{1, 3}

print({1, 2}.symmetric_difference({2, 3}))

{1, 3}

print({1}.issubset({1, 2}))

True

print({1, 2}.issuperset({1}))

True

print({1, 2}.isdisjoint({3}))

True

a = {1, 2}
b = a.copy()
print(b)

{1, 2}

f = frozenset([1, 2, 3])
print(f)

frozenset({1, 2, 3})

print(sorted({3, 1, 2}))

[1, 2, 3]

print(2 in {1, 2, 3})

True

print(4 not in {1, 2, 3})

True

print(sum({1, 2, 3}))

6

#strings

print(len("hello"))

5

print("abc".upper())

ABC

print("ABC".lower())

abc

print("hello".capitalize())

Hello

print("hello world".title())

Hello World

print("HeLLo".swapcase())

hEllO

print("  hi  ".strip())

hi

print("hi  ".rstrip())

hi

print("hello hello".rfind("l"))

9

print("hello".replace("l", "x"))

hexxo

print("a,b,c".split(","))

['a', 'b', 'c']

print("a b c".rsplit())

['a', 'b', 'c']

print("-".join(["a", "b", "c"]))

a-b-c

print("banana".count("a"))

3

print("abc".isalpha())

True

print("123".isdigit())

True

print("123".isnumeric())

True

print("abc123".isalnum())

True

print("abc".islower())

True

print("ABC".isupper())

True

print("python".startswith("py"))

True

print("main.py".endswith(".py"))

True

print("abc".encode())

b'abc'

print("Hello {}".format("World"))

Hello World

print("{x} + {y}".format_map({'x': 1, 'y': 2}))

1 + 2

print("a=b".partition("="))

('a', '=', 'b')

print("a=b=c".rpartition("="))

('a=b', '=', 'c')

print("a\tb".expandtabs(4))

a   b

print(" ".isspace())

True

print("Hello World".istitle())

True

print("42".zfill(5))

00042

print("hi".ljust(5, '-'))

hi---

print("hi".rjust(5, '-'))

---hi

print("hi".center(6, '*'))

**hi**

print("HELLO".casefold())

hello

table = str.maketrans("ae", "12")
print("apple".translate(table))

1ppl2

print(str.maketrans("abc", "123"))

{97: 49, 98: 50, 99: 51}

#dictionary

d = {"a": 1, "b": 2}
print(len(d))

2

print(d.keys())

dict_keys(['a', 'b'])

print(d.values())

dict_values([1, 2])

print(d.items())

dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])

print(d.get("a"))

1

print(d.popitem())

('b', 2)

d.update({"c": 3})
print(d)

{'c': 3}

d.clear()
print(d)

{}

print(dict.fromkeys(['x', 'y'], 0))

{'x': 0, 'y': 0}

d = {'a': 1}
print(d.setdefault('b', 2))

2

print("a" in {'a': 1})

True

print("x" not in {'a': 1})

True

d = {'a': 1}
del d['a']
print(d)

{}

print(dict(name="John", age=25))

{'name': 'John', 'age': 25}

a = {'x': 10}
b = a.copy()
print(b)

{'x': 10}

print(dict(zip(['a', 'b'], [1, 2])))

{'a': 1, 'b': 2}

print(sorted({'b': 2, 'a': 1}))

['a', 'b']

print(max({'x': 1, 'y': 3}))

y

d = {'a': 4, 'b': 1}
print(min(d.values()))

1

#files

with open("test.txt", "w") as f:
    f.write("Hello")

with open("test.txt", "r") as f:
    print(f.read())

Hello

with open("test.txt", "r") as f:
    print(f.readline())

Hello

with open("test.txt", "r") as f:
    print(f.readlines())

['Hello']

lines = ["Line1\n", "Line2\n"]
with open("test2.txt", "w") as f:
    f.writelines(lines)

with open("test2.txt", "r") as f:
    print(f.tell())

0

with open("test2.txt", "r") as f:
    f.seek(0)
    print(f.read(5))

Line1

f = open("test.txt", "r")
f.close()

with open("test.txt", "r") as f:
    pass

with open("test.txt", "r") as f:
    print(f.mode)

r

with open("test.txt", "r") as f:
    print(f.name)

test.txt

with open("test.txt", "r") as f:
    print(f.readable())

True

with open("test.txt", "r") as f:
    print(f.readable())

True

with open("test.txt", "r") as f:
    print(f.writable())

False

with open("test.txt", "r") as f:
    print(f.seekable())

True

with open("test.txt", "a") as f:
    f.truncate(5)

with open("test.txt", "r") as f:
    print(f.encoding)

cp1252

with open("test.txt", "w") as f:
    f.write("flush")
    f.flush()

with open("test.txt", "rb") as f:
    print(f.read())

b'flush'

with open("test.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
    print(f.read())

flush

try:
    with open("nofile.txt", "r") as f:
        print(f.read())
except FileNotFoundError:
    print("File not found!")

File not found!